1) Invention Patent:

① High Technical Content: Typically involves complex technological innovations that represent significant breakthroughs in existing technology. For example, this artificial intelligence algorithm may have undergone extensive research and numerous experiments, involving advanced mathematical models and computer science technologies. ② Strong Creativity: It requires prominent substantive features and notable advancements. The algorithm significantly improves accuracy, speed, and adaptability in image recognition compared to existing algorithms, offering new technical solutions for the field. ③ Long Protection Period: The protection period for invention patents is 20 years. This is because the R&D costs are high and the technical difficulty is substantial, necessitating a longer market exclusivity period to recoup R&D investments and generate profits.

2) Utility Model Patent:

① Practicality: Focuses on practical improvements in product functionality. For instance, the improvement in the structure of a foldable umbrella addresses issues like inconvenient storage and difficult portability, providing real convenience to users. ② Lower Creativity Requirements: Compared to invention patents, utility model patents have lower creativity requirements. As long as there is some improvement over existing technology with substantive features and advancements, it qualifies. For example, the foldable umbrella might have innovations in the ribs structure, folding method, or handle design, but it does not need to reach the same level of high-tech innovation as an invention patent. ③ Shorter Protection Period: The protection period for utility model patents is 10 years. Due to relatively lower technical difficulty and innovation levels, and faster market updates, the protection period is shorter.

3) Design Patent:

① Emphasis on Aesthetic Appearance: Primarily protects the appearance shape, pattern, color, or their combination of products, creating designs that are aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial application. The unique design of this smartphone case might be fashionable and novel, catching consumers' attention. ② Does Not Involve Technical Functionality: Unlike invention and utility model patents, design patents do not involve the technical functions or internal structures of products; they only focus on the appearance design. For example, a smartphone case design patent would not cover communication technology or hardware configuration. ③ Protection Period of 15 Years: The protection period for design patents lies between those of invention and utility model patents. Because design updates occur relatively quickly, yet still require some protection time to safeguard the designer's innovative results.

Examples:

Invention Patent:

An artificial intelligence medical diagnosis system capable of accurately diagnosing various diseases through the analysis and learning of large amounts of medical data, and providing personalized treatment plans.

A highly efficient new battery technology featuring high capacity, fast charging, and long life.

A novel gene-editing technology that can precisely modify an organism's genetic sequence for treating genetic diseases, etc.

Utility Model Patent:

An umbrella with lighting function, equipped with a small LED light at the handle, facilitating nighttime use.

An adjustable-height computer desk that achieves height adjustment through a simple mechanical structure to meet different people’s needs.

A new type of insulated cup lid with excellent sealing performance, easy opening, and portability.

Design Patent:

A streamlined car exterior design with unique body lines and color combinations, standing out among other cars.

A cute children's toy design with bright colors and unique shapes, capturing children's attention.

A stylish smartphone case design with unique patterns and textures, adding personality to the phone.